1Therefore you are without excuse, O man—everyone who judges. For in that in which you judge the other, you condemn yourself, for you who judge practice the same things.
2And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things.
3And do you reckon this, O man who judge those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, that you will escape the judgment of God?
4Or do you despise the riches of his kindness and forbearance and patience, being ignorant that the kindness of God leads you to repentance?
5But according to your hardness and unrepentant heart you are storing up for yourself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God,
6who will render to each according to his works;
7to those who, by perseverance in good work, seek glory and honor and incorruptibility—eternal life;
8but to those who are of selfish ambition and who disobey the truth while obeying unrighteousness—wrath and fury.
9Affliction and distress on every soul of a person who works out evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek;
10but glory and honor and peace to everyone who works the good, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.
11For there is no partiality with God.
12For as many as sinned without the law will also perish without the law; and as many as sinned under the law will be judged through the law;
13for it is not the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be justified.
14For whenever Gentiles who do not have the law do by nature the things of the law, these, though not having the law, are a law to themselves;
15who show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience bearing witness together, and their reasonings among one another accusing or even defending them,
16on the day when God judges the hidden things of people according to my gospel, through Christ Jesus.
The Jew and the Law
17But if you call yourself a Jew and rest on the law and boast in God
18and know his will and approve the things that matter, being instructed out of the law,
19and are confident that you yourself are a guide of the blind, a light for those in darkness,
20an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of the immature, having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and of the truth—
21you, then, who teach another, do you not teach yourself? You who preach not to steal, do you steal?
22You who say not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?
23You who boast in the law, do you dishonor God through the transgression of the law?
24For “the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you,” as it is written.
25For circumcision indeed profits if you practice the law; but if you are a transgressor of the law, your circumcision has become uncircumcision.
26If, then, the uncircumcised keeps the righteous requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be reckoned as circumcision?
27And the physically uncircumcised who fulfills the law will judge you who, through the letter and circumcision, are a transgressor of the law.
28For the Jew is not the one in what is visible, nor is circumcision that which is visible in the flesh;
29but the Jew is the one in what is hidden, and circumcision is of the heart, in spirit not in letter, whose praise is not from people but from God.
Where this passage connects across Scripture — each link typed and reasoned, part of the AIT Bible Nexus Chart.
God's Impartial Judgment
parallelColossians 3:18— Shared declaration that God shows no partiality in judgment.
allusion2 Chronicles 19:7— Shares the specific formula that with God there is no partiality.
echoed in2 Corinthians 11:1— Shared principle that people's end/judgment will be according to their works.
allusionDeuteronomy 10:17— Echoes the OT declaration that God shows no partiality.
allusionProverbs 24:12— Shares the wisdom saying that God repays each person according to his deeds.
echoed inProverbs 24:1— Paul cites the same principle that God renders to each according to his works.
allusionPsalms 62:12— Near-verbatim citation of the OT principle that God renders to each according to his works.
echoed inPsalms 62:1— Paul cites the principle that God will render to each according to his works.
thematic1 Corinthians 4:1— Both speak of God bringing hidden things to light and disclosing the secrets of the heart at the judgment.
thematic1 Peter 1:13— God judging impartially according to each one's work is a shared theme of impartial divine judgment by deeds.
thematic2 Corinthians 5:1— Each person receiving back according to what he practiced/his deeds.
thematic2 Peter 3:9— Both link God's patience/forbearance to the purpose of leading people to repentance.
thematicActs 10:34— Both state God's impartiality as the basis for including Jew and Gentile alike.
thematicEzekiel 18:30— Both affirm God judges each person according to his own deeds/ways.
thematicGalatians 2:1— Both assert God's impartiality regarding persons.
thematicIsaiah 59:15— God repaying each according to their deeds.
thematicJames 1:22— Both contrast mere hearers of the word/law with doers who are justified/blessed.
thematicJames 1:19— Both distinguish hearers from doers, valuing the doer.
The Jew and the Law
quotationIsaiah 52:5— Explicit citation ('as it is written') that God's name is blasphemed among the nations.
quoted byIsaiah 52:1— Paul quotes 'my name is reviled/blasphemed among the nations' from this verse.
allusionDeuteronomy 30:6— Both speak of circumcision of the heart rather than mere physical circumcision.
allusionDeuteronomy 10:16— Both command circumcision of the heart over external circumcision.
echoed inDeuteronomy 10:12— Paul develops the circumcision of the heart motif drawn from Deuteronomy.
echoed inDeuteronomy 30:1— Paul's contrast of outward and inward circumcision (of the heart, by the Spirit) draws on Deuteronomy's language of heart circumcision.
allusionEzekiel 36:20— Echoes Ezekiel's theme of God's name being profaned among the nations through Israel.
allusionJeremiah 4:4— Shares the prophetic call to circumcise the heart, not just the flesh.
echoed inJeremiah 4:1— Paul echoes the prophetic call for inward circumcision of the heart rather than outward.
thematic2 Corinthians 10:1— Both contrast human self-commendation with divine approval, praise coming from God rather than from self.
thematicColossians 2:8— Both contrast literal fleshly circumcision with a spiritual circumcision not made with hands.
thematicEzekiel 36:16— Paul cites the profaning of God's name among the nations because of Israel.