1Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea is no more.
2And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
3And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Behold, the dwelling of God is with humanity, and he will dwell with them, and they will be his peoples, and God himself will be with them, their God.
4And he will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death will be no more, nor mourning nor crying nor pain will be any more, for the first things have passed away.”
5And the one seated on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” And he says, “Write, for these words are faithful and true.”
6And he said to me, “They are done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the one who thirsts I will give from the spring of the water of life freely.
7The one who overcomes will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be my son.
8But as for the cowardly and unbelieving and detestable and murderers and the sexually immoral and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their portion is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.
The New Jerusalem
9Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven last plagues came and spoke with me, saying, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”
10And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,
11having the glory of God. Her radiance was like a most precious stone, like a jasper stone, clear as crystal.
12It had a great and high wall, having twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names inscribed, which are those of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel.
13On the east three gates, and on the north three gates, and on the south three gates, and on the west three gates.
14And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb.
15And the one who spoke with me had a measure, a golden reed, so that he might measure the city and its gates and its wall.
16And the city lies foursquare, and its length is as great as its breadth. And he measured the city with the reed at twelve thousand stadia; its length and breadth and height are equal.
17And he measured its wall, a hundred forty-four cubits by human measure, which is an angel’s.
18And the material of its wall was jasper, and the city was pure gold, like pure glass.
19The foundations of the city’s wall were adorned with every precious stone: the first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,
20the fifth sardonyx, the sixth carnelian, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, the twelfth amethyst.
21And the twelve gates were twelve pearls; each single gate was of one pearl. And the street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.
22And I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God the Almighty is its temple, and the Lamb.
23And the city has no need of the sun nor of the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God illumined it, and its lamp is the Lamb.
24And the nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth bring their glory into it.
25And its gates will never be shut by day, for there will be no night there.
26And they will bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it.
27And nothing unclean will ever enter it, nor anyone who practices abomination and falsehood, but only those written in the Lamb’s book of life.
Where this passage connects across Scripture — each link typed and reasoned, part of the AIT Bible Nexus Chart.
A New Heaven and New Earth
parallelRevelation 20:14— The 'lake that burns with fire' identified as 'the second death' parallels the same identification in the preceding chapter.
parallelRevelation 7:9— The same promise that God will wipe away every tear recurs in the new-creation vision.
parallelRevelation 22:12— Parallel vice list of those excluded from the city.
allusion2 Samuel 7:14— The sonship formula 'I will be his God and he will be my son' echoes the Davidic covenant promise.
allusionEzekiel 37:27— The covenant formula 'my dwelling will be with them, and they will be my people' from Ezekiel is echoed here.
echoed inEzekiel 36:16— The covenant formula of God dwelling with his people as their God is echoed in the new creation.
echoed inEzekiel 37:15— God's dwelling place over his people with the covenant formula is taken up in Revelation's vision of God dwelling with humanity.
allusionIsaiah 65:17— Shared distinctive imagery of God creating 'new heavens and a new earth' with the former things passing away.
allusionIsaiah 66:22— Echoes Isaiah's promise of the new heavens and new earth that will endure.
allusionIsaiah 61:10— The city adorned 'as a bride adorned for her husband' echoes Isaiah's bride adorned with ornaments.
allusionIsaiah 25:8— Shared imagery of God wiping away tears and swallowing up death forever.
allusionIsaiah 35:10— Echoes Isaiah's promise that sorrow and mourning will flee away.
allusionIsaiah 55:1— Echoes Isaiah's invitation to the thirsty to come and drink freely.
echoed inIsaiah 25:6— Revelation's promise that God will wipe away every tear and death shall be no more echoes this verse's wiping tears and swallowing death.
allusionLeviticus 26:11— The covenant formula of God dwelling among his people and being their God derives from the Levitical covenant promise.
echoed inLeviticus 26:3— God's dwelling in the midst of his people and being their God echoes the covenant formula of Leviticus.
allusionRevelation 1:8— God self-designates as 'the Alpha and the Omega' as in the opening of Revelation.
echoed inRevelation 3:7— 'The new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from my God' anticipates the descent of the new Jerusalem in the final vision.
The New Jerusalem
parallelRevelation 13:8— Those written in the Lamb's book of life parallels the same book referenced earlier in Revelation.
allusionExodus 28:17— The list of precious stones adorning the foundations echoes the twelve stones of the high priest's breastpiece.
echoed inExodus 28:15— The twelve engraved stones of the breastpiece supply the imagery of the twelve foundation gemstones of the New Jerusalem.
allusionEzekiel 40:2— Being carried to a great and high mountain and shown the city echoes Ezekiel's vision of the temple city.
allusionEzekiel 48:31— The twelve gates named for the tribes of Israel arranged on the four sides echoes Ezekiel's city gates.
allusionEzekiel 40:3— The angel with a measuring reed to measure the city echoes Ezekiel's man with a measuring reed.
echoed inEzekiel 40:1— Being carried in visions to a very high mountain to see a city structure is echoed in John being carried to a great high mountain to see the New Jerusalem.
echoed inEzekiel 42:15— The angelic figure measuring the square temple area with a reed parallels the measuring of the foursquare New Jerusalem.
echoed inEzekiel 48:30— The city with twelve gates named for the twelve tribes of Israel, three on each side, is echoed in the New Jerusalem's twelve gates inscribed with the tribes' names.
allusionIsaiah 60:19— The city having no need of sun or moon because God's glory illumines it echoes Isaiah's promise.
allusionIsaiah 60:3— Nations walking by the light and kings bringing their glory echoes Isaiah's nations and kings coming to the light.
allusionIsaiah 60:11— The gates never shut echoes Isaiah's gates that shall stand open continually.